Journal of Pediatric Psychology 12(3) pp. 379-394, 1987
© 1987 Society of Pediatric Psychology
research-article |
Hypnosis in the Reduction of Acute Pain and Distress in Children with Cancer1
Memorial Medical Center of Long Beach and the University of California, Las Angeles School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles and the University of Southern California School of Medicine
2All correspondence should be sent to Ernest R. Katz, Jonathan Jaques Children's Cancer Center, Memorial Medical Center of Long Beach, 2801 Atlantic Avenue, P.O. Box 1428, Long Beach, California 90801–1428
Hypnosis has been used as a behavioral approach to help children tolerate aversive medical procedures more effectively, but empirical longitudinal research evaluating the outcome of such interventions has been limited. In the present study, 36 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia between the ages of 6 and 12 years of age undergoing repeated bone marrow aspirations (BMAs) were randomized to hypnosis or play comparison groups. Subjects were selected on their behavioral performance on baseline procedures and received interventions prior to their next three BMA procedures. Major results indicated an improvement in self-reported distress over baseline with both interventions, with no differences between them. Girls exhibited more distress behavior than boys on three of four dependent measures used. Suggestions of an interaction effect between sex and treatment group were noted. The role of rapport between patient and therapist in therapeutic outcome was also evaluated. Results are discussed in terms of potential individual differences in responding to stress and intervention that warrant further research.
Key words: clinical hypnosis; pain; behavioral distress.
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