Journal of Pediatric Psychology 14(3) pp. 449-462, 1989
© 1989 Society of Pediatric Psychology
research-article |
Effects of Parent Presence on Children's Reactions to Injections: Behavioral, Physiological, and Subjective Aspects1
University of Miami, University of Miami Medical School
2All correspondence should be sent to Juan C. Gonzalez or Donald K. Routh, Department of Psychology, University of Miami, P.O. Box 248185, Coral Gables, Florida
Observed 47 children ranging in age from 13 months to 7 years 9 months receiving injections as part of a regular visit to a pediatric clinic. Twenty-three children were randomly assigned to a condition with parent (mainly mothers) present and 24 to a condition with parent absent. During the medical procedure, the child's reactions were observed via videotape (for later behavioral coding) and physiological recording (to measure heart rates). Following the injection, data were collected on the child's preference of condition (either parent present or parent absent) for future injections. Older children (but not younger ones) showed significantly more behavioral distress when the parent was present. However, the oldest children's preference of condition for future injections was overwhelmingly that of parent present (86%).
Key words: pain; coping; families; parents; injections.
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