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Journal of Pediatric Psychology 21(6) pp. 821-832, 1996
© 1996 Society of Pediatric Psychology

research-article

Arousal-Modulated Attention At Four Months as a Function of Intrauterine Cocaine Exposure and Central Nervous System Injury1

Bernard Z. Karmel2, Judith M. Gardner and Robert L. Freeland

New York State Institute for Basic Research in Development Disabilities

2All correspondence should be addressed to Bernard Z. Karmel, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, New York 10314

CNS-compromised neonates are poor modulators tending to prefer less stimulation in all arousal conditions. Cocaine-exposed neonates also are poor modulators but tend to prefer more stimulation in all arousal conditions. Infants (N = 359, M = 4 months) were divided into 6 CNS injury groups and 1 cocaine-exposed, non-CNS-injured group and tested in three arousal conditions: less aroused (after feeding), more aroused-endogenous (before feeding), and more aroused-exogenous (after feeding with additional stimulation prior to each trial). Infants with CNS injuries still showed some degree of influence of arousal on attention that was now similar to that seen in normal neonates and 1 -month-olds, while cocaine-exposed infants, 4-month-old normal and mild or moderate CNS-injury infants did not.

Key words: arousal-modulated attention; infants; intrauterine cocaine exposure; early CNS injury; visual preferences; dopamine; visual attention.


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This article has been cited by other articles:


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D. A. Frank, M. Augustyn, W. G. Knight, T. Pell, and B. Zuckerman
Growth, Development, and Behavior in Early Childhood Following Prenatal Cocaine Exposure: A Systematic Review
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R. L. FREEDLAND, B. Z. KARMEL, J. M. GARDNER, and D. J. LEWKOWICZ
Prenatal Cocaine Exposure and Stimulus-Seeking Behaviors during the First Year of Life
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B. Z. KARMEL, J. M. GARDNER, and R. L. FREEDLAND
Neonatal Neurobehavioral Assessment and Bayley I and II Scores of CNS-Injured and Cocaine-Exposed Infants
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., June 21, 1998; 846(1): 391 - 395.
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