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Journal of Pediatric Psychology 21(6) pp. 841-855, 1996
© 1996 Society of Pediatric Psychology

research-article

Effect of Prenatal Alcohol and Cigarette Exposure on Two- and Six-Month-Old Infants' Adrenocortical Reactivity to Stress1

Kathy S. Katz2,, Lilly M. S. Dubowitz, Sheila Henderson, Marion Jongmans, Gary G. Kay, Cheryl A. Nolte and Linda de Vries

Georgetown University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Hammersmith Hospital, Institute of Education London, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Withelmina Childrens' Hospital, Utrecht The Netherlands

2All correspondence should be addressed to Kathy S. Katz, Georgetown University Medical Center, Kober Cogan 415, 3800 Reservoir Rd. NW, Washington, DC 20007

Examined attention skills, as measured by the Continuous Performance Test (CPT), in a group of 64 children born premature and 40 full-term children, ages 6 to 8 years. Premature children were classified by neonatal cerebral lesions into no lesion, mild lesion, and severe lesion groups. It was predicted that severity of lesion would be associated with CPT performance. While mean differences among the groups of prematures did not reach significance, children with severe lesions made significantly more errors of omission and commission than the full-term comparison group. Children with mild lesions were poorer than full terms in errors of commission. Children with no lesions also made more errors of omission and commission than full terms, suggesting attention deficits secondary to prematurity even in the absence of identified brain lesion. With increasing severity of lesion, increasing percentages of each group were found to perform more than 2 SD below the mean in errors of commission. Results suggest that premature children, with and without identified lesions, are at risk for attention deficits.

Key words: premature infant; longitudinal outcome; neuropsychological measures; attention deficit.


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