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Journal of Pediatric Psychology 22(1) pp. 89-104, 1997
© 1997 Society of Pediatric Psychology

research-article

Patterns and Correlates of Supervision in Child Pedestrian Injury

Karen E. Wills1,, Katherine Kaufer Christoffel, John V. Lavigne, Robert R. Tanz, Joseph L. Schofer, Mark Donovan, Kristin Kalangis and Kids ‘N’ Cars Research Team

Loyola Unviersity and Children's Memorial Hospital, Children's Memorial Hospital and Northwestern University Medical School, Department of Civil Engineering and The Transportation Center, Northwestern University, Children's Memorial Hospital and Northwestern University Medical School

1All correspondence should be sent toKaran E.Wills, Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, 6525 N. Sheridan Road, Chicag, Illinois 60626.

Described supervision in 142 child pedestrian injuries (PI), based on presence and proximity of supervisors and/or peers. Children (5–12 years), families, sites and PI events were described via record reviews, interviews, questionnaires, and site investigation. Supervision of PI victims varied with family size and cohesion, and with children age, self–help skils, nearness to home, and activity (playing or journey). Peer presence was associated with more impulsive behavior among supervised (but not among unsupervised) PI victims. Definitions of supervision parameters offered here can aid research on the complex relationship between supervision and PI risk.

Key words: children; supervision; pedestrian; injury prevention; parenting.


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