Journal of Pediatric Psychiatry, Vol 24, 465-481, Copyright © 1999 by Society of Pediatric Psychology
JA Mindell
OBJECTIVE: To review the literature for empirically supported treatments
for bedtime refusal and night wakings in young children. METHODS: An
extensive review of the literature resulted in the inclusion of 41 studies
that were evaluated according to the criteria established by the Task Force
on Promotion and Dissemination of Psychological Procedures (1995). RESULTS:
Evidence exists indicating that extinction and parent education on the
prevention of sleep problems can be considered well-established treatments.
Furthermore, graduated extinction and scheduled awakenings are probably
efficacious treatments, with positive routines a promising intervention.
CONCLUSIONS: A discussion of effectiveness, treatment feasibility, cost-
effectiveness, and methodological limitations of the studies is provided.
Recommendations for future directions for research in the treatment of
these two common sleep disorders are presented.
ARTICLE
Empirically supported treatments in pediatric psychology: bedtime refusal and night wakings in young children
Department of Psychology, St. Joseph's University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19131, USA. jmindell@sju.edu
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