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Journal of Pediatric Psychology, Vol. 26, No. 8, 2001, pp. 465-475
© 2001 Society of Pediatric Psychology

Psychosocial Adaptation of Middle Childhood Boys With Hypospadias After Genital Surgery

David E. Sandberg, PhD1, Heino F. L. Meyer-Bahlburg2, Terry W. Hensle, MD, Dr rer nat2, Selwyn B. Levitt, MD3, Stanley J. Kogan, MD4 and Edward F. Reda, MD3

1 University at Buffalo, New York, 2 Columbia University, New York, 3 Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York, 4 St. Agnes Hospital, White Plains, New York

All correspondence should be sent to David E. Sandberg, Pediatric Psychiatry and Psychology, Children's Hospital of Buffalo, 219 Bryant Street, Buffalo, New York 14222. E-mail: dsandber{at}buffalo.edu .

Objective: To compare the psychosocial adaptation of boys with hypospadias after genital surgery to a community sample.

Methods: Boys (6 to 10 years) with a history of hypospadias repair (n = 175) were compared with a community sample (n = 333) in a postal questionnaire survey using the Child Behavior Checklist.

Results: Few significant differences between cases and controls emerged. Boys with hypospadias were (slightly) lower in social involvement but did not perform more poorly in school. Boys with hypospadias displayed fewer externalizing behavior problems than controls, but a significant difference in nocturnal enuresis was not detected. Level of behavior problems did not differentiate hypospadias severity subgroups, but greater surgical and hospitalization experiences were associated with increased internalizing problems. Poorer cosmetic appearance of the genitals was associated with worse school performance.

Conclusions: Surgically corrected hypospadias should not be considered a risk factor for poor psychosocial adaptation in childhood, but emotional problems increase with the number of hospital-related experiences.

Key words: hypospadias; psychological adaptation; childhood behavior; hospitalization; surgery.


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