Journal of Pediatric Psychology Advance Access originally published online on April 12, 2005
Journal of Pediatric Psychology 2006 31(1):27-40; doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsj026
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Interactions Between Maternal Characteristics and Neonatal Behavior in the Prediction of Parenting Stress and Perception of Infant Temperament
1 Brown Medical School, Bradley Hospital,2 Women & Infants Hospital, Brown Medical School, 3 University of Miami School of Medicine, 4 Wayne State University School of Medicine, 5 University of Tennessee at Memphis, School of Medicine, 6 Research Triangle Institute, and 7 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
All correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Stephen J. Sheinkopf, PhD, Bradley Hospital, 1011 Veterans Memorial Parkway, East Providence, Rhode Island 02915. E-mail: stephen_sheinkopf{at}brown.edu.
Background Prenatal cocaine exposure is a marker of developmental risk. Social environmental risk factors may include maternal stress and maternal perceptions of difficult infant temperament. Objectives To examine factors that may predict or moderate maternal ratings of parenting stress and difficult temperament in cocaine-exposed (CE) infants. Method Neonatal behavior, infant temperament, parenting stress, and maternal psychopathology were measured in a large sample of infantmother dyads with prenatal CE and a nonexposed comparison sample. Participants were drawn from an existing longitudinal data set (Maternal Lifestyle Study). Result Relations between neonatal behavior and infant temperament ratings were moderated by mothers ratings of parenting stress. Relations between neonatal cry and parenting stress were moderated by maternal psychopathology ratings. Results were unrelated to drug exposure history. Conclusions For mothers of at risk infants (with or without prenatal CE), psychological distress affects the degree to which infant behavioral characteristics are experienced as stressful or difficult. Implications for treatment and outcome are discussed.
Key words: cocaine; parenting stress; temperament.