Journal of Pediatric Psychology Advance Access originally published online on September 8, 2005
Journal of Pediatric Psychology 2006 31(10):1072-1083; doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsj077
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Long-term Parental and Family Adaptation Following Pediatric Brain Injury
1 Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 2 Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Childrens Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 3 Department of Pediatrics, Columbus Childrens Hospital, The Ohio State University, and, 4 Department of Pediatrics, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
All correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Shari L. Wade, Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medical Center, 333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039. E-mail: shari.wade{at}cchmc.org.
Objective To determine whether parents of children with traumatic brain injuries (TBI) report increased injury-related burden, distress, and family dysfunction and to examine the effects of attrition on the results. Methods Children with severe TBI, moderate TBI, and orthopedic injuries were followed at six time points from baseline to 6 years after injury. Parents completed measures of injury-related burden, psychological distress, and family functioning at each assessment. Mixed model analysis was used to examine long-term changes. Results Attrition was higher among families in the severe TBI group with lower burden thereby amplifying group differences. The severe TBI group reported higher injury-related burden over time after injury than the other groups. Family functioning was moderated by social resources. Families of children with severe TBI and low resources reporting deteriorating functioning over the follow-up interval. Conclusions Although environmental advantages moderate long-term effects on family functioning, families of children with severe TBI experience long-standing injury-related burden.
Key words: brain injury; family adaptation; stressors; support.
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