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Journal of Pediatric Psychology 5(2) pp. 207-216, 1980
© 1980 Society of Pediatric Psychology

other

Environmental Influences on Mouthing in Children with Lead Intoxication1

Nancy A. Madden2,, Dennis C. Russo3, and Michael F. Cataldo4,

2Now at the University of Maryland Medical School Baltimore, Maryland., 3Now at Children's Hospital Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts., American University and John F. Kennedy Institute, John F. Kennedy Institute and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

4All correspondence should be addressed to Michael F. Cataldo, Department of Behavioral Psychology, John F. Kennedy Institute, 707 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21203.

The relationship of mouthing behavior to different environmental conditions was evaluated for three young children with asymptomatic lead poisoning. Specifically, the amount of mouthing; involvement with materials, adults, and other children; and noninvolvement were measured across daily sessions in three environments: group play, individual impoverished play, and individual enriched play, using an interval-recording system. For each of the children, the results indicated that mouthing was exhibited significantly more in the impoverished setting as compared to either group play or individual enriched environments. The results suggested that simple environmental enrichment may hold promise in the reduction of mouthing and pica. Further research evaluating procedures for reduction of mouthing and pica is suggested.


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