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Journal of Pediatric Psychology Advance Access published online on October 23, 2008
Journal of Pediatric Psychology, doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsn111
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Pediatric Psychology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

The Association of Pain and Depression in Preadolescent Girls: Moderation by Race and Pubertal Stage

Kate Keenan, PhD1, Alison E. Hipwell, PhD2, Amanda E. Hinze, BA2 and Dara E. Babinski, BA2

1Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, and 2Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh

All correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Kate Keenan, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, MC 3077, Room W-415, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. E-mail: kkeenan{at}yoda.bsd.uchicago.edu


  Abstract

Objective To test whether an association between pain response and depression in females is present during preadolescence using a controlled pain stimulus and a clinically relevant assessment of depressive symptoms. Method In a sample of 232 girls, pain threshold and tolerance were assessed at age 10 years using the cold pressor task, and a diagnostic interview was used to assess depression symptoms at 10 and 11 years of age. Results Response to pain at age 10 was associated with depressive symptoms at ages 10 and 11; race and pubertal stage moderated the association. Pain response and depression were more strongly associated among girls who had reached advanced stages of pubertal development and among European American girls. Conclusions The results add to the existing literature on the co-occurrence of depression and pain by demonstrating modest but consistent concurrent and prospective associations between response to pain and depression among girls during preadolescence.

Key words: depression; girls; pain; preadolescence; puberty; race..

Received May 5, 2008; accepted October 1, 2008


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