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Journal of Pediatric Psychology Advance Access published online on October 30, 2009
Journal of Pediatric Psychology, doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsp094
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Pediatric Psychology. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Correlates of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Young Adults with Spina Bifida *

Melissa H Bellin, PhD, MSW, LCSW1, T. Andrew Zabel, PhD2, Brad E. Dicianno, MD3, Eric Levey, MD2, Kim Garver, LCSW, BCD4, Ronna Linroth, OT, MA5 and Patricia Braun, PhD, RN6

1University of Maryland, 2Johns Hopkins University, 3University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 4SUNY Upstate Medical University, 5Gillette Children's Specialty Healthcare, and 6Loyola University Chicago

All correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Melissa H. Bellin, University of Maryland School of Social Work, 525 West Redwood Street, Baltimore, MD 21201. E-mail: mbellin{at}ssw.umaryland.edu


  Abstract

Objective Based on social ecological theory, this study was designed to examine the unique relationships between multi-level ecological factors and psychological symptoms in young adults with spina bifida (SB). Method A sample of 61 individuals with SB, 18–25 years of age, completed standardized self-report measures of attitude toward SB, satisfaction with family functioning, Chronic Care Model (CCM) services, and depressive and anxiety symptoms. A chart review yielded SB clinical data. Results High rates of depressive and anxiety symptoms were found. Hierarchical regression analysis identified the proximal individual (attitude toward SB) and family (satisfaction with family functioning) factors as more strongly related to depressive symptoms than the distal healthcare system factor (CCM services). Self-reported pain was the only ecological factor associated with anxiety symptoms. Conclusions Study findings provide a potential foundation for multi-factor screening of young adults with SB at risk for psychological symptoms.

Key words: spina bifida; psychosocial functioning; social ecological perspective..

*Portions of this article were presented at the First World Congress on Spina Bifida Research and Care (Orlando, 2009).

Received June 9, 2009; revision received September 25, 2009; accepted September 26, 2009


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