Journal of Pediatric Psychology, Vol. 27, No. 2, 2002, pp. 121-131
© 2002 Society of Pediatric Psychology
Quantifying Practice Effects in Longitudinal Research With the WISC-R and WAIS-R: A Study of Children and Adolescents With Hemophilia and Male Siblings Without Hemophilia
1 Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 2 Boston University School of Public Health, 3 University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, 4 University of Texas Medical School, Houston, 5 University of California, San Diego, 6 Rho, Inc., Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 7 Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, 8 Williamsburg, Virginia, 9 University of Texas, San Antonio
All correspondence should be sent to Patricia A. Sirois, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue (TW-41), New Orleans, Louisiana 70112. E-mail: psirois{at}tulane.edu .
Objective: To quantify practice effects associated with annual administrations of WISC-R and WAIS-R in children and adolescents with and without hemophilia.
Methods: Participants were young men (age: 7-19; 80 with hemophilia, 30 siblings) enrolled in the Hemophilia Growth and Development Study. Participants with hemophilia completed age-appropriate Wechsler scales at baseline and at four annual follow-ups; the siblings, at baseline and one 2-year follow-up. Regression analyses were used to quantify average changes in scores, adjusting for variables related to test performance.
Results: Consecutive annual evaluations were free of significant practice effects for 4 years with the Verbal Scale and for 2 years with the Performance Scale. VIQ decreased, and PIQ increased over time. Baseline VIQ was related to changes in VIQ; baseline PIQ and number of test-specific retests were related to changes in PIQ.
Conclusions: The findings support use of Wechsler scales for annual evaluations to monitor cognitive development in children and adolescents.
Key words: longitudinal assessment; retest effects; WISC-R; WAIS-R; chronic illness; sibling comparisons.
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