Journal of Pediatric Psychology Advance Access originally published online on May 11, 2006
Journal of Pediatric Psychology 2007 32(2):154-166; doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsj123
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Prevalence and Correlates of Early Onset Asthma and Wheezing in a Healthy Birth Cohort of 2- to 3-Year Olds
1 Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 2 Department of Sociology, State University of New York, 3 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 4 Department of Psychology, Washington and Lee University, and, 5 Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center
All correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Alice S. Carter, Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125-3393. E-mail: alice.carter{at}umb.edu
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Objective The combined contribution of neonatal, perinatal, and maternal health, demographic, environmental, and family psychosocial factors to early onset asthma and wheezing in a healthy birth cohort was examined. Methods Participants included 1,158 ethnically and socioeconomically diverse parents of 2- and 3-year olds who completed mailed questionnaires. Results Asthma and wheezing prevalence was 8.4 and 8.1%, respectively. Asthma during pregnancy, smoking in the home, and being male increased risk for asthma diagnosis and wheezing whereas social support minimized risk for both. Shorter gestational age, exposure to violence, and maternal anxiety increased risk for wheezing. The negative impact of smoking in the home was greatest for children with shorter gestational ages and mothers with asthma during pregnancy. Conclusion Findings confirm and extend previous work documenting demographic risks and highlight smoking, violent events, and social support in early onset asthma and wheezing. Findings illustrate the need for ecologically based interventions to treat asthma and wheezing in young children.
Key words: asthma; early childhood; health; stress.
Received February 1, 2005; revision received June 15, 2005; revision received August 25, 2005; revision received February 28, 2006; accepted April 9, 2006
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