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Journal of Pediatric Psychology Advance Access originally published online on April 2, 2007
Journal of Pediatric Psychology 2007 32(7):760-770; doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsm007
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Pediatric Psychology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Factors Associated with Retaliatory Attitudes among African American Adolescents Who have been Assaulted

Nikeea Copeland-Linder, PhD, MPH1, Vanya C. Jones, PhD, MPH2, Denise L. Haynie, PhD, MPH3, Bruce G. Simons-Morton, EdD, MPH3, Joseph L. Wright, MD, MPH4 and Tina L. Cheng, MD, MPH5

1Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine & Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 3NICHD/PRB/DESPR/NIH, 4Children's National Medical Center, and 5Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

All correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Nikeea Copeland-Linder, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 200 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287. E-mail: nlinder1{at}jhmi.edu.


  Abstract

Objectives (a) To describe attitudes regarding retaliation among adolescents who have been assaulted. (b) To examine assault/event characteristics, personal, parental, and environmental factors associated with the retaliatory attitudes of adolescents who have been assaulted. Methods African American youth aged 10–15 years presenting to two large urban hospitals with peer assault injury and a parent/caregiver completed interviews in their home after their emergency department visit. Results Multivariate analyses revealed that lower SES, older age, and adolescents’ perceptions that their parents support fighting were related to endorsing retaliatory attitudes. Girls who were aggressive were more likely to endorse retaliatory attitudes. However, level of aggression did not impact boys’ retaliatory attitudes. Affiliating with aggressive peers influenced the retaliatory attitudes of boys, but did not influence girls’ retaliatory attitudes. Overall, youths’ perceptions of their parents’ attitudes toward fighting had the greatest impact on retaliatory attitudes. Conclusions Adolescents’ perceptions of their parents’ attitudes toward fighting may be a factor in subsequent re-injury among youth. Violence prevention and intervention efforts need to involve components that assess parental attitudes and incorporate strategies to engage parents in violence prevention efforts. In addition, interventions for youth who have been assaulted may need to incorporate some gender-specific components in order to address the unique needs of girls and boys.

Key words: adolescent violence; aggression; assault-injuries; retaliation; retaliatory attitudes; revenge.

Received March 23, 2006; revision received January 11, 2007; accepted January 16, 2007


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