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Journal of Pediatric Psychology Advance Access originally published online on April 2, 2007
Journal of Pediatric Psychology 2007 32(7):862-868; doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsm019
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Pediatric Psychology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Brief Report: A Brief Intervention to Improve Lifeguard Surveillance at a Public Swimming Pool

David C. Schwebel, PhD1, Sydneia Lindsay1 and Jennifer Simpson2

1Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham and 2Department of Psychology, Northwestern University

All correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to David C. Schwebel, Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd, CH 415, Birmingham AL 35294. E-mail: schwebel{at}uab.edu.


  Abstract

Objectives Drowning is the second leading cause of unintentional death for American children in middle childhood, but behavioral research designed to prevent pediatric drowning is limited. This study tested the efficacy of a brief intervention to improve lifeguard attention and surveillance at a public swimming pool. Method Observational data on patron risk-taking and lifeguard attention, distraction, and scanning were collected at a public swimming pool, both before and after a brief intervention. The intervention was designed to increase lifeguards’ perception of susceptibility of drowning incidents, educate about potential severity of drowning, and help overcome perceived barriers about scanning the pool. Results Postintervention, lifeguards displayed better attention and scanning and patrons displayed less risky behavior. Change was maintained for the remainder of the season. Conclusion Theoretically driven brief interventions targeting lifeguard attention and surveillance might prove effective in reducing risk of drowning in public swimming pools.

Key words: attention; drowning; lifeguards; swimming pool; surveillance.

Received October 13, 2006; revision received February 22, 2007; accepted March 1, 2007


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