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Journal of Pediatric Psychology Advance Access originally published online on October 29, 2008
Journal of Pediatric Psychology 2009 34(7):738-748; doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsn113
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Pediatric Psychology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Testing Gender as a Moderator of Associations Between Psychosocial Variables and Functional Disability in Children and Adolescents with Chronic Pain

Karen J. Kaczynski, PhD, Robyn Lewis Claar, PhD and Deirdre E. Logan, PhD

Pain Treatment Service, Children's Hospital, Boston

All correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Karen J. Kaczynski, Pain Treatment Service, Children's Hospital, Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. E-mail: karen.kaczynski{at}childrens.harvard.edu


  Abstract

Objective To evaluate gender as a moderator of associations between psychosocial variables and functional disability in children and adolescents with chronic pain. Method Participants included 266 patients (177 girls; mean age = 13.3 years) with chronic or recurrent headache or abdominal pain who were evaluated at a pediatric chronic pain clinic. Patients completed measures of pain intensity, anxiety, depression, pain coping, and functional disability. Parents completed a measure of protective behavior. Results Girls and boys reported similar levels of pain intensity. Girls were more likely to endorse depressive symptoms, and internalizing symptoms were associated with disability in girls, not in boys. No gender differences were found in links between coping and protective parenting and disability. Conclusions In general, psychosocial factors influenced functional disability similarly in girls and boys, although some gender differences were found. Findings highlight the importance of considering child gender when evaluating factors that contribute to functional disability.

Key words: children and adolescents; chronic pain; gender; psychosocial risk factors; structural equation modeling.

Received March 21, 2008; revision received October 7, 2008; accepted October 7, 2008


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