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Journal of Pediatric Psychology Advance Access published online on March 23, 2005
Journal of Pediatric Psychology, doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsj022
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Journal of Pediatric Psychology © The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Pediatric Psychology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org
Received December 19, 2003
Revised August 24, 2004
Accepted March 3, 2005

Article

The Association Between Maternal Cocaine Use During Pregnancy and Physiological Regulation in 4- to 8-Week-Old Infants: An Examination of Possible Mediators and Moderators

Pamela Schuetze PhD1* and Rina D. Eiden PhD2

1 Department of Psychology, State University of New York College at Buffalo, and Research Institute on Addictions and Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York at Buffalo
2 Research Institute on Addictions and Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York at Buffalo

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pamela Schuetze, E-mail: schuetp{at}buffalostate.edu


  Abstract

Objective To examine the association between maternal cocaine use during pregnancy and physiological measures of regulation, which included heart rate (HR) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). Methods Potential mediators and moderators of this association were explored. Participants were 141 mother-infant dyads (77 cocaine exposed and 64 nonexposed) recruited at birth. Average infant HR and RSA was assessed at 4-8 weeks of age during a 15 minute period of sleep. Results Results indicated a dose-dependent effect of prenatal exposure to cocaine on RSA. There was no evidence that fetal growth or other prenatal exposure to substances mediated this association or that fetal growth or maternal age moderated this association. Regression analyses also indicated that birth weight (BW), but not birthlength (BL), head circumference (HC) or other substance use, mediated the association between prenatal exposure to cocaine and heart rate. Conclusions These results suggest that cocaine exposure is associated with physiological regulation at 4-8 weeks of age and highlight the importance of considering level of exposure when assessing infant outcomes.

Keywords: heart rate; prenatal cocaine exposure; regulation; respiratory sinus arrhythmia.
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[Abstract] [PDF]


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