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Journal of Pediatric Psychology Advance Access published online on April 12, 2005
Journal of Pediatric Psychology, doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsj026
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Journal of Pediatric Psychology © The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Pediatric Psychology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org
Received March 27, 2004
Revised March 11, 2005
Accepted March 11, 2005

Article

Interactions Between Maternal Characteristics and Neonatal Behavior in the Prediction of Parenting Stress and Perception of Infant Temperament

Stephen J. Sheinkopf PhD1*, Barry M. Lester PhD2, Linda L. LaGasse PhD3, Ron Seifer PhD1, Charles R. Bauer MD4, Seetha Shankaran MD5, Henrietta S. Bada MD6, W. Kenneth Poole PhD7, Linda L. Wright MD8, and Vincent L. Smeriglio PhD9

1 Brown Medical School, Bradley Hospital
2 Brown Medical School, Bradley Hospital; Women & Infants’ Hospital, Brown Medical School
3 Women & Infants’ Hospital, Brown Medical School
4 University of Miami School of Medicine
5 Wayne State University School of Medicine
6 University of Tennessee at Memphis, School of Medicine
7 Research Triangle Institute
8 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
9 National Institute on Drug Abuse

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Stephen J. Sheinkopf, E-mail: stephen_sheinkopf{at}brown.edu


  Abstract

Background Prenatal cocaine exposure is a marker of developmental risk. Social environmental risk factors may include maternal stress and maternal perceptions of difficult infant temperament. Objectives To examine factors that may predict or moderate maternal ratings of parenting stress and difficult temperament in cocaine-exposed (CE) infants. Method Neonatal behavior, infant temperament, parenting stress, and maternal psychopathology were measured in a large sample of infant-mother dyads with prenatal CE and a nonexposed comparison sample. Participants were drawn from an existing longitudinal data set (Maternal Lifestyle Study). Result Relations between neonatal behavior and infant temperament ratings were moderated by mothers’ ratings of parenting stress. Relations between neonatal cry and parenting stress were moderated by maternal psychopathology ratings. Results were unrelated to drug exposure history. Conclusions For mothers of at risk infants (with or without prenatal CE), psychological distress affects the degree to which infant behavioral characteristics are experienced as stressful or difficult. Implications for treatment and outcome are discussed.

Keywords: cocaine; parenting stress; temperament.
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