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Journal of Pediatric Psychology Advance Access published online on March 2, 2006
Journal of Pediatric Psychology, doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsj107
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Pediatric Psychology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received May 31, 2005
Revised January 31, 2006
Accepted February 9, 2006

Brief Report

Brief Report: Assessing Adherence to Pediatric Antiretroviral Regimens Using the 24-Hour Recall Interview

Stephanie L. Marhefka PHD 1 *, Vicki J. Tepper PHD 2, John J. Farley MD, MPH 2, John W. Sleasman MD 3, and Claude Ann Mellins PHD 1

1 HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University of the City of New York
2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine
3 Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida College of Medicine

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Stephanie L. Marhefka, E-mail: sm2443{at}columbia.edu


  Abstract

Objective Examine the 24-hr Recall Interview (24RI) for assessing children’s antiretroviral medication adherence. Methods Caregivers of 54 children with HIV (aged 2-12 years) completed a clinical adherence interview and the 24RI by telephone. Children’s viral load and 3-month pharmacy records were obtained. Results Thirty-seven percent of children missed ≥1 dose of medicine over 3 days. In 22% of the samples, adherence varied across medications. The 24RI adherence scores (Frequency, Interval, and Dietary Adherence) were moderately reliable across the three interviews. Pharmacy refill rates were significantly related to viral load, and 24RI barriers were marginally significantly related to viral load. Conclusions The 24RI, with its systematic, cued recall, and decreased focus on adherence, may reduce socially desirable responding compared to other self-report methods, and reporting adherence barriers may indicate adherence difficulty. However, the validity of the 24RI must be improved to make it a useful measure to include in an adherence assessment battery.

Keywords: antiretroviral therapy; HIV; patient adherence; patient compliance.
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