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Journal of Pediatric Psychology Advance Access published online on August 9, 2006
Journal of Pediatric Psychology, doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsl025
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Pediatric Psychology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received September 1, 2005
Revised June 27, 2006
Accepted July 13, 2006

Brief Report

Brief Report: Evaluating the Bedtime Pass Program for Child Resistance to Bedtime--A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Brie A. Moore MS 1, Patrick C. Friman PhD 2 *, Alan E. Fruzzetti PHD 1, and Ken MacAleese MA, BCBA 1

1 University of Nevada
2 Girls and Boys Town and The University of Nebraska School of Medicine

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Patrick C. Friman, E-mail: frimanp{at}boystown.org


  Abstract

Objective To evaluate the Bedtime Pass Program (BPP), an extinction-based procedure for treating bedtime resistance in typically developing children. Methods A randomized, controlled trial in which nineteen 3- to 6-year-old children demonstrating bedtime resistance were randomly assigned to a Bedtime Pass or Monitoring Control group. The experimental condition involved parent monitoring plus the Bedtime Pass: a card exchangeable for one parental visit or excused departure from the room after bedtime, with parents ignoring subsequent bids for attention. Results Children in the Bedtime Pass condition left their rooms and called and cried out significantly less frequently than controls. They demonstrated significant reductions in the time required to quiet each night. Treatment effects were maintained at 3-month follow-up. Parents reported high levels of satisfaction and treatment acceptability. Conclusions BPP is a noncomplex, socially acceptable, effective treatment for bedtime resistance. It retains the powerful effects of extinction-based procedures without the "extinction burst."

Keywords: bedtime resistance; behavioral pediatrics; extinction; sleep disorders in children; social validity.
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