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Journal of Pediatric Psychology Advance Access published online on October 27, 2006
Journal of Pediatric Psychology, doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsl039
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Pediartic Psychology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received January 5, 2006
Revised April 28, 2006
Accepted October 3, 2006

Articles

Psychological Problems in Children with Bedwetting and Combined (day and night) Wetting: A UK Population-Based Study

Carol Joinson PhD 1 *, Jon Heron PhD 1, Alan Emond MD, FRCP, FRCPCH 2, and Richard Butler PhD C.Psychol 3

1 Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, UK
2 Department of Community Based Medicine, University of Bristol, UK
3 Clinical Psychology Department, Child & Adolescent Mental Health Services, East Leeds Primary Care Trust, UK

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Carol Joinson, E-mail: Carol.Joinson{at}bristol.ac.uk


  Abstract

Objective To investigate the psychological problems associated with bedwetting and combined (day and night) wetting in children aged around 71/2 years. Methods Participants were a cohort of over 8000 children enrolled in the population-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Parents completed postal questionnaires assessing common childhood psychological problems, and children were asked about behavior, friendships, bullying, and self-esteem in clinical interviews. The rates of psychological problems were compared in children with bedwetting, combined wetting, and in children with no wetting problems. Results The study found a higher rate of parent-reported psychological problems in children with bedwetting and combined wetting compared with those with no wetting problems. Children with combined wetting were particularly at risk for externalizing problems. There was little difference with the child-reported measures. Conclusions Bedwetting and combined wetting are associated with parent-reported psychological problems and combined wetting confers an increased risk for externalizing problems.

Keywords: bedwetting; behavior; daytime wetting; enuresis; psychological problems.
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