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Journal of Pediatric Psychology Advance Access published online on June 3, 2009
Journal of Pediatric Psychology, doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsp039
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Pediatric Psychology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Relationships Among Sleepiness, Sleep Time, and Psychological Functioning in Adolescents

Melisa Moore, PhD1, H. Lester Kirchner, PhD2, Dennis Drotar, PhD3, Nathan Johnson, MS4, Carol Rosen, MD5, Sonia Ancoli-Israel, PhD6 and Susan Redline, MD4

1Center for Sleep and Respiratory Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 2Geisinger Center for Health Research, Geisinger Health System, 3Center for Adherence and Self-Management, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 4Center for Clinical Investigation, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 5Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine and 6Department of Psychiatry, University of California

All correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Melisa Moore, PhD, 3624 Market St., Suite 205 Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. E-mail: mooremel{at}email.chop.edu


  Abstract

Objective This study examined associations among adolescent sleepiness, sleep duration, variability in sleep duration, and psychological functioning (symptoms of anxiety, depression, externalizing behaviors, and perceived health). Methods This was a cross-sectional analysis of data from a community-based cohort study of sleep and health. Participants were 247 adolescents (48.6% female, 54.3% ethnic minority, mean age of 13.7 years). Sleep duration and variability in sleep duration were measured by actigraphy and sleepiness was measured by adolescent questionnaire. Primary outcomes were measured by parent, teacher, and adolescent questionnaires. Results Sleepiness was associated with higher scores on measures of anxiety (Adjusted partial r2 = .28, p < .001), depression (Adjusted partial r2 = .23, p < .001), and perceived health (indicating more negative outcomes) (Adjusted partial r2 = .19, p < .01). Significant associations between sleep duration or variability in sleep duration with psychological variables were not found. Conclusions Findings highlight the inter-relationships between sleepiness and psychological functioning and the potential importance of addressing sleepiness in health and psychological evaluations of adolescents.

Key words: adolescents; sleep; psychosocial functioning..

Received August 26, 2008; revision received April 5, 2009; accepted April 9, 2009


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